. There was also a fear that France and Scotland, alongside Spain, could launch an invasion of England as part of a greater Catholic crusade against the rogue English Protestant nation. Elizabeth had taken the decision to arrest any Catholic bishops that did not accept her authority as sovereign over them. The Spanish responded by doing the same to the English. Boston Spa, Norfolk was killed in 1572. Apply for student finance without a bank account? The first question to ask yourself when revising for GCSE psychology is which exam board am I studying? Elizabeth and James VI agreed to maintain Protestantism as their respective countries religion. Elizabeth had given financial help to the rebels, however, remained reluctant to provoke King Phillip by getting directly involved. Dedicated to. Company Reg no: 04489574. England had lost the last of her territories in France during the reign of Mary, when Calais was lost. The second concern of legitimacy again comes from the marriage of Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. The Spanish attempted to regroup at Gravelines, however, the weather made it impossible for them to reform their defensive crescent formation which opened up an opportunity for the English to intercept and attack. John White (another leading colonist) sailed back to England to report on the problems being experienced. Letters sent to Mary were also intercepted which implicated her and the Duke of Norfolk in the plot. Legitimacy of succession: The Pope did not recognise Henry VIII's marriage to Anne. The raid on Cadiz proved to be a major setback for King Phillips plans to invade England and delayed the Armada by more than a year. Ridolfis plan was to make Mary queen by first assassinating Elizabeth and then marrying Mary to the Duke of Norfolk. The Protestant Elizabeth certainly faced difficulties upon becoming Queen with regard to legitimacy, especially from English Catholics and the wider Catholic world. Elizabeth, however, did not sign the death warrant until February 1587. Freshwater supplies were lost and many tons of food rotted as the fleet eventually sailed to England in 1588. Mary was forced to flee following her unsuccessful attempt to win back her Scottish throne. She was able to fight off illness, rebellions . Challenges To Elizabeth At Home And Abroad - Learndojo.org "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 1st point + explanation. Roberto di Ridolfi was an Italian banker who played a small role in the Revolt of the Northern Earls. Elizabeth offered support to the Protestant Henry IV of France but found him an difficult ally to get on with. The war against France ended in 1559, and following Elizabeths accession, they tried to maintain good relations between the two countries. Approximately 30 ships were destroyed and tonnes of supplies were also seized including food and weapons. July 31st: Battle of Plymouth two Spanish ships were captured. August 8th: Battle of Gravelines fireships caused the Spanish fleet to scatter. The reasons for, and consequences of, the English victory. Another reason Dudley failed was a number of his officers were divided over questions of strategy. In the eyes of the Church of England, Henry and Catherine were divorced and then Henry could marry Anne. Mary served as a permanent reminder at home and abroad that there was a legitimate Catholic heir to the throne and, with the Popes blessing, willing Catholic rebels could convince themselves they were doing Gods work. English exports to Europe were vital to the English economy and reached the European market via the Dutch ports, particularly Antwerp. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. How To Revise For GCSE Psychology Step-by-Step, Chapter 3:Elizabethan society in the Age of Exploration, 155888. Anthony Babington, an English Catholic, wrote to Mary about the plot. Elizabeth's greatest problem in 1558 was the threat of invasion. This plot was supported by the Pope and King Phillip II, who agreed to provide troops for a Spanish invasion. Phillip II of Spain was reluctant to destroy his alliance with Elizabeth and therefore his support for the plots were heart-hearted. It was the only major threat to Henry's security as monarch. Company Reg no: 04489574. If Elizabeth made England a Protestant country, he could become a dangerous enemy. Reigned: queen of England and Ireland for 44 years, from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. Norfolk was also expected to marry Mary. Guy states that Northumberland's success in foreign policy was due to ending Somerset's wars . Dudleys campaign in 1586-1587 proved to be unsuccessful and he suffered heavy defeats at the hands of the Spanish general, the. The news of the rebellion caused widespread. Pope, Head of Catholic church would excommunicate her. However, the settlement was abandoned and no trace of the colonists was ever found. They Schools can qualify for all our resources for free. he could also overthrow her. In 1595 Elizabeth had to deal with a rebellion in Ireland led by Tyrone and O'Donnell. This was important because it demonstrated the strength of Catholic feeling within England and highlighted how Elizabeth, after 11 years, was still vulnerable to English Catholics. If those Catholics decided to rebel against . As such, the Catholic community cited both religious and legal reasons why Elizabeth had no right to be Queen, which made her accession extremely problematic. This meant two of the most powerful European nations were now united against Protestantism, placing Elizabeth in a precarious position. This was seen as a huge blow for English pride as England had territory in France for hundreds of years. John White led another group to Roanoke, 3 years after the attempt to colonise it. One fact that should not be ignored from 1566 was the increasing role of the Pope and his determination to undermine Elizabeth. Explain why France was such a threat to Elizabeth when she - Brainly The imprisonment owed to her likely involvement in the murder of her second husband, Lord Darnley. The local inhabitants showed little mercy to the survivors of these wrecks. The Armadas journey back to Spain was a disaster. GCSE: Early Elizabethan England (1558-88) - Tutor2u In July, the Spanish fleet was seen off Cornwall and signal fires known as beacons were lit along the south coast to send the news to the Elizabeth who was in London. This helps to explain why Elizabeth had to deal with so many plots, the intention of which was to replace Elizabeth with Mary. . Mary became the inspiration for frequent revolts and rebellions, as it suddenly appeared possible that Elizabeth could be realistically replaced by a legitimate Catholic heir. - Invasion was a major threat because of the power of the countries France and Spain. Elizabeth was actually popular which meant those conspiring to overthrow her lacked public support. Therefore, I disagree with the statement. Complete the sentence in a way that shows you understand the meaning of the italicized vocabulary word. Her sister, Mary, had made Roman Catholicism the official religion of the country, but many of the people were. Manage Settings Spains forces in the Netherlands mutinied (as they hadnt been paid by the now bankrupt Spanish government). Humiliatingly, Elizabeth had to confirm the loss of Calais, which had been an English possession since 1347. Life of Catholics in Elizabethan era | Laws against Catholics In Europe, the 1570s saw some of the worst atrocities of the protracted fall-out of the Reformation. This increased tension between England and Spain. [This last point is important and often students dont embrace the anomalies for fear that it will undermine their argument. The plan was then for the combined forces would then sail across the Channel to England under the protection of the Armadas warships. Elizabeth I - Accession | Britannica English sailors land at Roanoke to find it abandoned. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. Sir Robert Naunton recorded that the queen once said angrily to Leicester, when he tried to insist upon a favour, "I will have here but one mistress and no master." 214 High Street, PDF Mark Scheme (Stage 8 Sign Off) November 2020 Elizabeth mock: "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main - Quizlet Englands victory over the Spanish navy in 1588 contributed to their development as a strong naval power to rival Spain. Her first husband, Francis II, had died in December 1560. CLO History: What problems did Elizabeth face when she became - Quizlet From allies to enemies: Queen Elizabeth and King Philip - History This forced the Spanish fleet to travel into the dangerous waters off the Scottish and Irish coasts. He would often return with huge amounts of treasure for Queen Elizabeth. 214 High Street, Native American hostility occurred from the start, however. The English navy attempted some minor raids but they were largely ineffective as only 2 Spanish ships were lost, and these were by accident. Become a Member | God blew and they were scattered - The National Archives Increased Catholic Threat to Elizabeth I (GCSE Example Answer The Northern Earls staged a rebellion (1569) centred around Mary, aiming to depose Elizabeth and crown Mary, raising tension between the two monarchs. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! When Elizabeth I acquired the English throne in 1558, many believed due to the religious decisions of her predecessors, dating back to Henry VIII's reign, Elizabeth had inherited a country that was predominantly Catholic in belief. The failure of the colonisation was due to: the resistance of the Native Americans; conflict amongst the English settlers (who collectively had the wrong mix of skills to make the settlement a real success); the loss of supplies via the damage incurred on The Tiger and the fact that the voyage set off too late for crops to be planted (causing dependence on the rightfully suspicious Native Americans). In 1568, a final blow came when some Spanish ships were blown off course into English waters, and the English seized them. -In 1558, Elizabeth the first became queen. The fear of a Catholic uprising and a plot against Elizabeth was a constant threat to her. You may use the following in your answer: France and Elizabeth's legitimacy (16 marks) 'Religion was the main cause of the . Phillip was warned against this mission but believed he was on a mission from God. Why was the threat of invasion Elizabeth's biggest problem in 1558? During Drakes raid, he captured more than 1000 tons of planks made from seasoned wood, which was needed to make the barrels used to carry food and water. Elizabeth made England protestant, which caused tension with the rest of Europe as they were heavily catholic (such as Spain and France). This was a huge sum of money, especially when you consider the annual income of the Crown was approximately 286,000. In 1560, Scotland was ruled by Elizabeth's cousin called Mary Queen of Scots (MQS). King Phillip tried to send two further Armadas in the 1590s however, both were unsuccessful. France however, thought her intention was to create war between France and Spain while England looked on. This meant that Elizabeth was declared illegitimate as her claim to the throne comes through the marriage of Anne to Henry. In 1558, England lost its final possession - the port of Calais - in France. Insolvency therefore limited the choices of the new Queen and instantly undermined her power. A significant amount of the Spanish troops lacked the experience of naval warfare, whereas the English fleet was manned by experienced sailors. Good explanation and link back to the question here at the end of the paragraph.]. She was reluctant to execute Mary as she was Queen of Scotland and she believed in Divine Right that rulers were sent by God to govern their country. However, the Privy Council had put huge pressure on Elizabeth to marry and urged her to take a husband in late 1559, which suggests that the Privy Council would have agreed on a suitor had there been someone suitable as they realised the importance of securing a Protestant English throne and the Tudor dynasty, and perhaps it was this lack of a suitable suitor that caused Elizabeth to remain . Mary was married to Philip II of Spain. In January 1558, the french conquered Calais, England's last remaining territory on the European mainland. Throughout her reign, Elizabeth was engaged in expensive financial issues, especially foreign policy. France was at war with England and Spain. Tudor Brief Essay Plans Flashcards | Quizlet The conspirators including Babington were all. They had enjoyed religious freedom under Queen Mary, Elizabeth's sister, and they were now being. (4 marks) According to many people at the time Mary Queen of Scots had a stronger claim to the . - Significant political threat as her legitimacy and gender led to people not accepting her as queen. Elizabeth also felt she had no right to execute a legitimate monarch but also, executing a queen could set a dangerous precedent that could undermine her own claim to rule by Divine Right and fuel more plots against her. West Yorkshire, Walsingham had established a large spy network and was able to intercept letters of Catholic conspirators and work with an expert cryptographer to decode them. The war was going badly for England. The death of Spains leading admiral, Santa Cruz, in February 1588, led to the appointment of the inexperienced Duke of Medina Sidonia to lead the Spanish Armada. When Elizabeth came to the throne in 1558 her people were divided by religion. Which three countries were a threat to England and Elizabeth? King Philip of Spain sent an. Many of the rebel troops deserted while the two Earls fled to Scotland. However, there were other challenges facing Elizabeth. France, Spain and Scotland were all Catholic countries in 1558. VAT reg no 816865400. In 1569, one of the wealthiest landowners in England, the Duke of Norfolk concocted a plan to marry Mary, Queen of Scots and have her recognised as Elizabeths heir. Foreign threat: Spain and France were the most powerful countries in Europe and were Catholic. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 1st explanation. Instead, both men preferred to negotiate a settlement. These problems included Gender, Religion, Finance and Foreign policy. The evidence was enough to persuade Elizabeth to put Mary on trial and eventually execute her for treason. The treaty essentially allowed Elizabeth to focus on developing events in the Netherlands and not worry about protecting her northern border. William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley | English statesman The defeat of the Northern Earls showed there was little appetite for a Catholic revolution. Another suitor for Elizabeth was Prince Eric of Sweden, later King Eric of Sweden. Elizabeth's Accession and Her Legitimacy (GCSE Example Answer - Tutor2u By 1568 most people had accepted. Europe. Foreign Affairs / Overview of Elizabeth I / Historical Association However, the Act also established a national poor rate, made JPs (Justices of the Peace) keep registers of the poor and gave towns and cities the responsibility to find work for the able-bodied poor.