Nature 584, 463469 (2020). WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST By the end of March, the U.S. has more COVID-19 cases and deaths than any other country. A score of 0 represents an unreliable app that is likely hampering end-user productivity. In addition to these soluble factors, severe COVID-19 was characterized by dysregulated immune cell composition, with increased numbers of inflammatory monocytes, plasmablast-like neutrophils110 and eosinophils109. N. Engl. Sanofi and Regeneron provide update on U.S. phase 2/3 adaptive-designed trial in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Cell 181, 14891501.e15 (2020). Dozens of carefully selected booklists, for kids 0-12 years old, Nonfiction for Kids In another study also released in May 2020, a set of SARS-CoV-2 DNA vaccines encoding six different variants of the spike protein were tested in rhesus macaques. Use the following template for students to record dates and events. Not according to biology or history. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 34, 173-200. Dis. How a zoo break-in changed the life of an owl called Flaco, Naked mole rats are fertile until they die, study finds. J. Med. The mechanism behind this phenomenon is unknown. Cell 183, 982995.e914 (2020). Surveillance of bat coronaviruses in Kenya identifies relatives of human coronaviruses NL63 and 229E and their recombination history. 14 days: a timeline article - bilverkstedsentralen.no The authors did not observe full sterilizing immunity, as four of nine animals had detectable levels of viral RNA in the upper respiratory tract after challenge, although the levels declined rapidly and viral RNA was detected in only two BALF samples very transiently; protection correlated with strong humoral responses63. 79, 15951604 (2005). What if we could clean them out? How did this mountain lion reach an uninhabited island? The Storm | FRONTLINE | PBS Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019. This was confirmed in the Regeneron study, which also showed the detailed escape mutagenesis104. J. Med. SARS-CoV-2 transmission between mink (Neovison vison) and humans, Denmark. Some of these vaccines (SputnikV and CanSino) had already been used in Russia and China, respectively, even before phase III data were available156,157. Water is pouring through the 17th Street Canal, and the city is beginning to flood. Book Finder Forever Changed: A Timeline of How COVID Upended Schools These studies were used by some media outlets in support of the message that many humans already have immunity to SARS-CoV-2and, by extension, that herd immunity exists and protects against COVID-19. N. Engl. J. Clin. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. Weisblum, Y. et al. They can take it home and do it with the help of family members and also add information in class on their own. Grifoni, A. et al. Work in the Krammer laboratory on SARS-CoV-2 is partially supported by the NIAID Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS) contract HHSN272201400008C, Collaborative Influenza Vaccine Innovation Centers (CIVIC) contract 75N93019C00051, and the generous support of the JPB foundation, the Open Philanthropy Project (#2020-215611) and other philanthropic donations. Patients with COVID-19 who have acute respiratory distress syndrome also have high rates of delirium and encephalopathy36. PubMed Heres the timeline of events so far. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles In __________, I was two years old and I __________. Longitudinal isolation of potent near-germline SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies from COVID-19 patients. For example, see the explanation of world history that Elizabeth dictated to her kindergarten teacher around Thanksgiving when the class was learning about the Pilgrims. 11 a.m.: Hurricane Katrina has mushroomed into one of the most powerful hurricanes ever to form in the Atlantic. In addition, major media outlets began covering the preprint studies instead of waiting for the peer-reviewed publication. EBioMed. By contrast, a robust early interferon response is likely essential in controlling COVID-19. On 15 January 2021, the RECOVERY trial in the UK closed recruitment of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 for convalescent plasma therapy based on preliminary data from 1,873 reported deaths among 10,406 randomized patients, which showed that convalescent plasma therapy showed no significant difference in terms of the primary end point of 28-day mortality121. Science 368, 1016 (2020). Preprint at bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.04.187583 (2020). Students can work in pairs, providing support through cooperative learning as well. The epidemiological analysis of 425 laboratory-confirmed cases in Wuhan estimated that the mean incubation period was just over 5 days. B. 16, 636644 (2020). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report 39. WHO https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200228-sitrep-39-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=5bbf3e7d_4 (2020). calendar, any system for dividing time over extended periods, such as days, months, or years, and arranging such divisions in a definite order. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus. Millions of people around the United States and the world have been vaccinated against COVID-19, and the number of people being vaccinated each day continues to rise. Former President Trump announced his 15 days to slow the spread campaign one year ago, which urged Americans to stay home to combat the coronavirus pandemic. Selective and cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2 T cell epitopes in unexposed humans. Immunol. Identifying progression in children's understanding: The use of visual materials to assess primary school children's learning in history. Preexisting and de novo humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in humans. lt. . Vascular occlusion by neutrophil extracellular traps in COVID-19. (2002). Rodda, L. B. et al. Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic SocietyCopyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. Barton, K. C. (1997). Literature about a child's birthday can begin a study of timelines with younger students. A recent study has confirmed that antibodies indeed correlate with protection from reinfection92. Watch one-on-one reading support in action with K-3 students, FAQs 3) Place the following organic molecules in order of increasing boiling points: butane, butan-2-one, butanoic acid, and butan-2-ol. How To Loosen Drum Brake Adjuster, The calendar and months and dates of the year are often taught as social studies content in kindergarten. Devex Pro subscribers may share up to 10 articles per month using the Pro share tool ( ). Clin. Elementary School Journal, 103,161-185. 27, 215227 (2020). Virol. There are other books with timelines related to American history that could be collected for a text set in the classroom. Chandrashekar, A. et al. Huang et al.7 also reported that 26 of the 41 patients had lymphopenia and that those admitted to the ICU had increased plasma levels of cytokines and chemokines, specifically IL-2, IL-7, IL-10, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF; also known as CSF3), CC-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2; also known as MCP1) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF). Type I interferon induced late during infection may be detrimental in driving pathological responses. COVID-19 therapeutic alert: interleukin-6 inhibitors (tocilizumab or sarilumab) for patients admitted to ICU with COVID-19 pneumonia (adults). Euro. 5 p.m.: The National Hurricane Center describes Katrina as a "potentially catastrophic" hurricane. A clinical study of recently diagnosed metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC . Calendar | chronology | Britannica The cave men lived in the caves at Disneyland. JAMA 324, 460470 (2020). Hammer, A. S. et al. Broggi, A. et al. This method uses the cells of the spreadsheet to create and format your own timeline. WHO. MHRA https://www.cas.mhra.gov.uk/ViewandAcknowledgment/ViewAlert.aspx?AlertID=103134 (2021). Among research papers on COVID-19 published in 2020, the percentage having a female first author was 19% lower than for papers published in the same journals in 2019 (ref.167). Ability to treat all patients without crisis care. Effective Use of Timelines in Nonfiction Articles - Writers Write Thiago Carvalho, Florian Krammer &. SARS-CoV-2 will likely not be the last coronavirus to cause a pandemic and it is likely that coronaviruses that are now endemic in humans first caused pandemics resulting in large numbers of deaths (Box1). 57, e100 (2020). Old cells hang around as we age, doing damage to the body. RECOVERY https://www.recoverytrial.net/news/statement-from-the-recovery-trial-chief-investigators-15-january-2021-recovery-trial-closes-recruitment-to-convalescent-plasma-treatment-for-patients-hospitalised-with-covid-19 (2021). a | When the type I interferon response to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is early and robust, the viral load is quickly controlled, resulting in mild disease. The virus, later termed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is the third betacoronavirus to cause an outbreak in humans this century (Box1). Dis. Another way to hide past posts is to limit specific people or lists of people from viewing what others have posted to The ship itself contained approximately 3,500 people and was to undergo This score is calculated based on Mean time to failure and Total usage duration (14 days). We have more than 5,000 books in our library! & Crotty, S. Cross-reactive memory T cells and herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2. reactions 89, 3076 (2015). Serological and molecular findings during SARS-CoV-2 infection: the first case study in Finland, January to February 2020. Pfizer https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer_and_biontech_dose_first_participants_in_the_u_s_as_part_of_global_covid_19_mrna_vaccine_development_program (2020). 14 days: a timeline article - curiosbettysa.com : he has previously published work on influenza virus vaccines with S. Gilbert (University of Oxford), has consulted for Curevac, Merck and Pfizer (before 2020), is currently consulting for Avimex (Mexico) and Seqirus (Australia), his laboratory is collaborating with Pfizer on animal models of SARS-CoV-2, his laboratory is collaborating with N. Pardi at the University of Pennsylvania on mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, his laboratory was working in the past with GlaxoSmithKline on the development of influenza virus vaccines, and two of his mentees have recently joined Moderna. Although interferons are highly potent at blocking SARS-CoV-2 replication, SARS-CoV-2 has an arsenal of evasion mechanisms to block the induction of endogenous interferons and interferon receptor signalling129,130. 26, 10701076 (2020). Preprint at medRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.18.20155374 (2020). An outbreak of severe Kawasaki-like disease at the Italian epicentre of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic: an observational cohort study. Ju, B. et al. Although published results were scarce, the overall safety profile of these vaccines was already thought to be acceptable62. The 14-day quarantine strategy faced a challenge because the incubation period of COVID-19 exceeded 14 days . Committee Notes on Rules2007 Amendment. Nat. In order to keep the timeline coherent with respect to the topics covered, once we introduce a study on a particular topic, we also include the discussion of other relevant studies that came later. Former Rule 14 twice refers to counterclaims under Rule 13. contracts here. Potent neutralizing antibodies against multiple epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 spike. In the RECOVERY Collaborative Group trial, a total of 2,104 patients were randomly assigned to receive dexamethasone and 4,321 were assigned to receive usual care86. The strategy of timelines can be used with students in Grades K through 8. Tao, Y. et al. Updated: Apr 21, 2020. 383, 517525 (2020). Pfefferle, S. et al. Med. 2 p.m.: On national television New Orleans Mayor Ray Nagin issues a "desperate SOS" for help from the federal government. Addetia, A. et al. Infect. April 3: Ontario projects COVID-19 death toll could reach 15,000. Broader neurological complications were described in a retrospective study of 214 patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, which found that 78 (36.4%) of these had neurological complications, with acute cerebrovascular disease, conscious disturbance and skeletal muscle injury being the most frequent complications in severe cases35. A clinical trial of 14 vs. 28 days of treatment showed no difference in outcomes, whereas another trial of 3 vs.14 days showed an increase in recurrence with 3 days of treatment. Poston, D. et al. Keys residents are surprised by Katrina's strength as it passes offshore. 129, 104511 (2020). This led to the mass culling of mink in Denmark and, as a result, more attention started to be given to variant viruses, including Cluster 5 variants in Europe that carry the N439K mutationin the RBD. By the end of February 2020, COVID-19 had already registered 83,652 cases globally16, roughly 10 times the global case count of the entire 20022003 SARS outbreak. Primary exposure to SARS-CoV-2 protects against reinfection in rhesus macaques. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2specific antibody responses in coronavirus disease patients. Science 369, 812 (2020). Novavax COVID-19 vaccine demonstrates 89.3% efficacy in UK phase 3 trial. They had to take on more responsibilities at home, including childcare and eldercare. As we begin to control the pandemic with a mass vaccination effort, we must also begin to close the gap created by the pandemic by supporting young and vulnerable scientists throughout the world. In line with this, an RCT of convalescent plasma with high IgG titres against SARS-CoV-2 in older adult patients within 72 hours after the onset of mild COVID-19 symptoms was found to reduce severe respiratory disease120. June 6, 1944 D-Day: Allied forces invade Normandy . This article was last updated on 24 May 2022 11/13 (84.6) 35.5 (31.1-38.2) 0/13 (0) After 15 days . Infect. J. Med. 14 days: a timeline article - alabaster.vip Nov 21, 2022, 2:52 PM UTC xi kd xn pv ox dg. You can cancel anytime and if you cancel within 14 days you won't be billed. Pfizer and BioNTech dose first participants in the U.S. as part of global COVID-19 mRNA vaccine development program. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought enormous challenges to humankind. ), Elementary school social studies: Research as a guide to practice (pp. Journalism strengthens democracy. (2003). The incubation period appears to be even shorter about three days for the Omicron variant. 20, 335337 (2020). 14 days: a timeline article - duckbetgrand.com Importantly, studying circulating human coronaviruses and their origin will likely inform us better about the future of SARS-CoV-2 in the human population as well as about future pandemics with other coronaviruses. Efficacy and safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. There are several types of timelines a teacher can choose, depending on the grade, area of study in social studies, and needs of students: Visit the ReadWriteThink website to try the interactive timeline tool. In the last few minutes of his closing arugments, lead prosecutor Creighton Waters grew quiet and somber. Although the precise mechanisms of these neurological symptoms are unknown, infection of the central nervous system bySARS-CoV-2 and inflammation are likelyto have a role37. 1014 days . Woodruff, M. C., Ramonell, R. P., Lee, F. E.-H. & Sanz, I. Clinically identifiable autoreactivity is common in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Animal models for COVID-19. Of course, the publication timeline can be tentative since some steps in the journal publication process, like peer review periods, can be difficult to estimate. In June of 2020, Long et al.88 published a report showing that 40% of asymptomatically infected individuals lost their (mostly) anti-nucleoprotein antibody titres in a non-quantitative assay over an 8-week period. Evolution of antibody immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Microbiol. Gordon, A. C. et al. calendar, any system for dividing time over extended periods, such as days, months, or years, and arranging such divisions in a definite order. Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine. Bastard, P. et al. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser, did u by any chance do the chart that comes with step 3, Computer with Internet access 14 Days: A Timeline article, For all the reactions, identify the reaction type and name the products formed. In particular, the role of key innate viral sensors and antiviral cytokines (type I and type III interferons) in controlling virus replication and disease was unknown. In one study of 389 patients hospitalized with COVID-19-associated pneumonia but not yet undergoing mechanical ventilation, thetocilizumab group had a 12.0% rate of progression to mechanical ventilation or death versus 19.3% in the placebo group44. Huang, C. et al. Nat. Beigel, J. H. et al. Nature 584, 115119 (2020). Rajasingham, R. et al. A critical imbalance in the reninangiotensin system, which regulates blood pressure, fluid and electrolyte balance and systemic vascular resistance, was observed, including the reduced expression of ACE and the increased expression of ACE2, renin, angiotensin, kinogen and bradykinin receptors57. BMJ 369, m1849 (2020). 93, 100607 (2020). Incubation periods of acute respiratory viral infections: a systematic review. "It was certainly very strong and also was very large," Chris Landsea said later. A later study, based on tracking via a smartphone app, found that 65% of those who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 reported a lossof taste and/or smell compared with 22% of those who tested negative34. At 7 am Katrina is a Category 5 with 160 mph maximum sustained winds. "Walking backwards into tomorrow": Historical consciousness and understanding of history. J. Med. Another ELD strategy is to use props, realia, and artifacts, which could be included in a table top timeline. Currently, it is unknown how long these autoantibodies persist and whether they can lead to autoimmune disease or whether autoantibodies have a pathogenic role in long COVID. Clinical characteristics of 58 children with a pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2. The new coronavirus likely originated in bats, where its closest relative described to date, RaTG13, is found1. Science 370, 1227 (2020). Clin. Ng, K. W. et al. Infect. & June, C. H. Cytokine release syndrome in severe COVID-19. Deng et al.64 showed that rhesus macaques were completely protected from SARS-CoV-2 rechallenge 28 days after primary infection. Convalescent plasma treatment of severe COVID-19: a propensity scorematched control study. Thus, despite the number of neutralizing epitopes, the fact that affinity-matured antibody clonotypes have been shown to be able to cope with variant viruses141 and that it is likely that only low antibody titres are needed for protection from disease142,143,144, some viral variants of concern are potentially rendering the vaccine candidates less effective in controlling infection and disease. Although the increase in transmissibility is highly concerning, evidence so far indicates that the current vaccines retain significant levels of protection against B.1.1.7. However, a study from 2005 showed that OC43, which is a human betacoronavirus, diverged from the closely related bovine coronavirus during the time frame of theRussian flu159. JAMA 323, 20892090 (2020). Next came the cave men. Hydroxychloroquine in patients with mainly mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019: open label, randomised controlled trial. A key area of public interest focused on whether there is pre-existing immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in human populations and whether such pre-existing responses would confer protective immunity. The messages: Desperate to meet his self-imposed target of 100,000 tests a day by the end of the month, Hancock messaged George Osborne, the Tory chancellor-turned-Evening Standard editor, to seek . RECOVERY trial closes recruitment to convalescent plasma treatment for patients hospitalised with COVID-19. Andersen, J. P., Nielsen, M. W., Simone, N. L., Lewiss, R. E. & Jagsi, R. COVID-19 medical papers have fewer women first authors than expected. Nature 587, 270274 (2020). China approves Covid-19 vaccine as it moves to inoculate millions. Meanwhile, Louisiana Governor Kathleen Blanco orders that all remaining residents leave New Orleans. Chan, J. F.-W. et al. Baden, L. R. et al. Modernas COVID-19 vaccine candidate meets its primary efficacy endpoint in the first interim analysis of the phase 3 COVE study. The language of Rule 14 has been amended as part of the general restyling of the Civil Rules to make them more easily understood and to make style and terminology consistent throughout the rules. A blow-by-blow of the historic storm, its birth, its path, its landfall, and its aftermath. Preprint at bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.15.383661 (2020). "Maggie and Paul deserve a voice . Its strongest winds are about 75 miles an hour (120 kilometers an hour), and its eye is about 70 miles (115 kilometers) northwest of Key Largo. One of Earth's loneliest volcanoes holds an extraordinary secret. After making a wall timeline with the months of the year, each student's birth date could be added in the correct month. A cluster-randomized trial of hydroxychloroquine for prevention of Covid-19. Leppkes, M. et al. On 11 March 2020, the WHO declared COVID-19 a pandemic. Preprint at medRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.28.20248807 (2021). The pirates went all around to all the worlds and got all the treasure. Other variants of concern, especially the South African-origin variant B.1.351, which also carries a mutation at position 501 in the RBD (and other mutations at positions 417 and 484), is now shown to reduce the neutralization capacity and efficacy of certain vaccines139,140. Preprint at bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.28.424451 (2020). Brad Pitt Sees 'Long-Term Potential' in Ines de Ramon Romance After JAMA 323, 15821589 (2020). By contrast, none of the 663 patients with asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 and only 4 of the 1,227 (0.3%) healthy donors had auto-antibodies to type I interferon. On the Event timeline page, you can view the all the necessary info related. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. For any reprint requests, please contact the author or publisher listed. Safety and efficacy of an rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine: an interim analysis of a randomised controlled phase 3 trial in Russia. reported the isolation of the novel coronavirus from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of three patients (one of whom died) in Wuhan8. Literature can be used to show, model, and help students develop concepts about time, continuity, and change in social studies as a basis for creating timelines (Hoodless, 2002). Until May 2020, children infected with SARS-CoV-2 were thought to have only mild or asymptomatic infections. For example, a study that looked at submitted manuscripts for all Elsevier journals between February and May of 2020 compared with between February and May of 2018 and 2019, including data on ~6 million academics, showed that women submitted proportionally fewer manuscripts than men during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown. For all the reactions, identify the reaction type and name the products formed. New York Times https://nytimes.com/2020/12/30/business/china-vaccine.html (2020). Switch things up after six to 12 weeks. I make an entry for each date and/or time I come across in my sources. The storm is about 15 miles (25 kilometers) east of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, and about to make landfall. 39, 405407 (2020). ar. The storm's strongest winds are blowing at about 175 miles an hour (280 kilometers an hour), making it a Category Five storm. Web page addresses and e-mail addresses turn into links automatically. Dis. The first 12 months of COVID-19: a timeline of immunological insights, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-021-00522-1. Original: Apr 14, 2011. Yu, J. et al. Kuchroo, M. et al. Zhou et al.1 from the Wuhan Institute of Virology showed, in early February 2020, that the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to infect cells in vitro was dependent on the expression of ACE2, the cell-surface molecule that had previously been shown to be the receptor forSARS-CoV (ref.2). Using a new tool called Rapid Extracellular Antigen Profiling (REAP), in December 2020, Wang et al.124 identified a wide range of autoantigens targeted by antibodies in patients with severe COVID-19. Kaneko, N. et al. Lancet 397, 671681 (2021). If we do nothing proactively to promote the careers of those affected by the pandemic, the disproportionate impact on gender and racial groups will end up reversing the clock on the progress made in the past few decades towards equal representation in academia. Investigations Archive | FRONTLINE Indeed, autoantibodies have been found in people with long-term symptoms of COVID-19 (long COVID) months after infection125. PubMed Central Iyer, A. S. et al. 384, 417427 (2020). Rev. Nature 579, 270273 (2020). A.I. Cell 183, 158168.e14 (2020). In the case of data that were posted as preprints before peer-reviewed publication, the timeline follows the date of the preprint but the reference list details the peer-reviewed journal publication. "We went to bed last night expecting some possible rain and woke up this morning to learn that Katrina was 75 miles [120 kilometers] north of Marathon [Florida]," says Dan Gallagher, resident of Grassy Key. The use of dexamethasone for up to 10 days resulted in lower mortality at 28 days than usual care in patients who were receiving invasive mechanical ventilation and in those who were receiving oxygen. A secondary school in the east of the country closed for 14 days after it was confirmed that a male student had the virus. Here's a timeline of a remarkable life. The first fatality occurred on Tuesday. Activation and evasion of type I interferon responses by SARS-CoV-2. An important early finding was that SARS-CoV-2 uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor to enter host cells. Students can construct a timeline of their own lives like the one Elizabeth made, shown in the figure below. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. JAMA 324, 294296 (2020). Learn about key dates and events from 1933-45 as Nazi antisemitic policies became more radical. Nature 584, 334335 (2020). A mans world? JAMA 324, 259269 (2020). "A lot of the live-aboards [people living on houseboats] in Boot Key Harbor were surprised to find their boats in new spots.". We work closely with you and carry out research to understand your needs and wishes. 11 p.m.: The National Hurricane Center predicts that Katrina will become a major hurricane by the time it reaches the central Gulf of Mexico. Drug Discov. 223, 197205 (2021). Infect. Social Education, 61, 13-16. Meanwhile, a major levee in New Orleans has failed. The storm has maximum winds of about 35 miles an hour (55 kilometers an hour), and its center is dumping heavy rainfall on Tennessee. The role of the immune system not only in host protection but also in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 was highlighted by similarities with the systemic inflammatory syndromes of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and cytokine release syndrome (CRS)38,39.