A veterinarian shall be dedicated to providing competent veterinary medical care, with compassion and respect for animal welfare and human health. (3) The attending veterinarian must be a voting member of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) and have direct or delegated responsibility for the animals at the research facility. (3.81(a)(3)). (a) Furnishing information as to business. The Veterinarian will have the supervision duties of deputed staff at the Animal House Facility. The committee's first guidelines recommended that animals require the freedoms to "stand up, lie down, turn around, groom themselves and stretch their limbs." Ontario Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals: A registered charity comprising over 50 communities.[124]. [2] The argument is that an animal in poor welfare would not be producing well, however, many farmed animals will remain highly productive despite being in conditions where good welfare is almost certainly compromised, e.g., layer hens in battery cages. This must include provisions for the use of pain relieving drugs, where appropriate, to minimize discomfort and pain to the animals. [71], In the UK, the welfare of research animals being used for "regulated procedures" was historically protected by the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 (ASPA) which is administrated by the Home Office. (2) Inspect all of the research facilities animal facilities, including animal study areas (where animals are housed for more than 12 hours), for compliance with 9 C.F.R., Chapter 1, Subchapter A, at least once every six months (Sect. [50] Researchers on wild cetaceans have not yet been able to use drones to capture noninvasive breath samples. 3.136 (c)). The .gov means it’s official.Federal government websites always use a .gov or .mil domain. (1) Each research facility shall, during business hours, allow APHIS officials: (ii) to examine records required to be kept by the Act and the regulations; (iv) to inspect the facilities, property and animals as necessary to enforce the Act and Regulations. 3.81 (a)(2)). 3.81). (c)(4) Permanent tethering of dogs is prohibited for use as a primary enclosure. (B) Required as routine veterinary procedure or to protect the health or well-being of the animal as determined by the attending veterinarian. A copy of such certificate shall accompany the shipment to its destination and shall contain the information required in section 3.35 (c)(1)-(4). Such provisions must be in accordance with currently accepted professional standards, as cited in appropriate professional journals or reference guides, and as directed by the attending veterinarian. (3) Daily observation of all animals to assess their health and well-being. (Sect. (3) The Institutional Official is to receive evaluation reports from the IACUC of its reviews and inspection findings. In addition, the plan must be approved by the attending veterinarian. Duncan wrote, "Animal welfare is to do with the feelings experienced by animals: the absence of strong negative feelings, usually called suffering, and (probably) the presence of positive feelings, usually called pleasure. [84], However, research and testing studies sometimes involve pain that cannot be relieved with such agents because they would interfere with the scientific objectives of the study. Written contingency plans must be submitted to and approved by the AC Deputy Administrator regarding emergency sources of water and electric power in the event of failure of the primary sources, when such failure could reasonably be expected to be detrimental to the good health and well-being of the marine mammal housed therein." "[96], Dictionary definition – In the Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary, animal welfare is defined as "the avoidance of abuse and exploitation of animals by humans by maintaining appropriate standards of accommodation, feeding and general care, the prevention and treatment of disease and the assurance of freedom from harassment, and unnecessary discomfort and pain."[97]. (1) The attending veterinarian may exempt an individual nonhuman primate from participation in the environmental enhancement plan because of health, condition or well-being. The information shall be furnished within a reasonable time and as may be specified in the request for information. [83] Each local IACUC reviews research protocols and conducts evaluations of the institution's animal care and use which includes the results of inspections of facilities that are required by law. (xi) Methods of euthanasia used must be in accordance with the definition of the term set forth in 9 C.F.R., Part 1, Section 1.1 of Subchapter A, unless a deviation is justified for scientific reasons, in writing, by the investigator. Must specifically identify any departure from compliance with regulations and must state the reasons for each departure. (d) IACUC review of activities involving animals (Sect.2.31 (d)). Written descriptions of all proposed activities that involve the care and use of animals must be available to all IACUC members. Promote a land-based society where as much of our food and resources as possible are produced locally."[122]. (b) (1) Every dealer and exhibitor, except auction sales and brokers, shall make and maintain records or forms for animals other than dogs and cats, acquired, held, transported, or disposed of, as required in section 2.75 (b)(1)-(3). Nonhuman primates must not be maintained in restraint devices unless required for health reasons as determined by the   attending veterinarian or by a research proposal approved by the IACUC. [116], Animal rights advocates, such as Gary L. Francione and Tom Regan, argue that the animal welfare position (advocating for the betterment of the condition of animals, but without abolishing animal use) is inconsistent in logic and ethically unacceptable. 2.31 (d). 2008.    APHIS will supply a copy of the regulations and standards in Subchapter A - Animal Welfare, with each registration form. (g) "A complete necropsy must be conducted by or under the direct supervision of a veterinarian on all marine mammals that die in captivity. If potable water is not continually available to the nonhuman primates, it must be offered to them as often as necessary to ensure their health and well-being, but no less than twice daily for at least one hour each time, unless otherwise required by the attending veterinarian, or as required by the research proposal approved by the Committee at the research facility. Zoos, in particular, have adopted the findings of animal psychology by introducing enrichment programs such as toys and games, and simple problem-solving … There is a proviso that field studies as defined in Part 1 are exempt from this requirement. Forest Animal Rescue is currently accepting applications for internships at our facility – apply now! [12], Animal protection laws were enacted as early as 13th century AD by Genghis Khan in Mongolia, where they protected wildlife during breeding season (March to October). 2.33(a)(1-3)). (4) Taking up and impounding animals which are in violation of this chapter, using any and all means available that are humane in nature. (5) "Adequate pre-procedural and post-procedural care in accordance with current established veterinary medical and nursing procedures." A necropsy report must be prepared by the veterinarian listing all pathologic lesions observed and giving the apparent cause of death. The plan must be in accordance with currently accepted professional standards as cited in appropriate professional journals or reference guides, and as directed by the attending veterinarian. An annotated bibliography", "I Am a Compassionate Conservation Welfare Scientist: Considering the Theoretical and Practical Differences Between Compassionate Conservation and Conservation Welfare", "The importance of wild animal suffering", "Concern for wild animal suffering and environmental ethics: What are the limits of the disagreement? NOTE: The information in this paper contains excerpts and paraphrasing of the published regulations and standards in 9 CFR, Chapter 1, Subchapter A-Animal Welfare. (b) Training and instruction is to be made available and personnel qualifications reviewed with sufficient frequency to fulfill the research facility responsibilities under this section and section 2.31. The consultant(s) may not approve, withhold approval, or vote with the IACUC unless they are members of the IACUC (Sect. (c) Space requirements after August 15, 1995. 2.32 (c)(5)(i)). "If I only could have one thing, it would be to end suffering", said Newkirk. (1) A research facility shall notify the AC Regional Director by certified mail of any change in the name, address, or ownership, or other change in operations affecting its status as a research facility, within 10 days after making such change (Sect. Rhode Island’s largest and most innovative animal welfare organization, the Potter League for Animals has three locations throughout the state. (Sect. 2.35(a)). (b) The members of the IACUC must be appointed by the CEO of the research facility. It must be recorded for each nonhuman primate and be reviewed every 30 days unless it is a permanent condition. (2) Accurate and complete records are to be separately maintained by the licensee and by the pound or shelter. An example of welfarist thought is Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall's meat manifesto. (3.8(d)(2)). (2) The animals remain under the total control and responsibility of the research facility, and; (Sect. III. 2.31 (d)(1)(ix)). 3.4(a)(1)). Have they lived well? (iv) Regarding the intent and requirements of the Act. However boat engines of researchers, whale watchers and others add substantial noise to their natural environment, reducing their ability to echolocate and communicate. Section 2.5 Duration of license and termination of license. 2.31 (b)(4)). 2.32 (c)): (See sections 2.32 (c) (1 through 5) for the complete list. 2.33(b)(5)). Accordingly, some animal rights proponents argue that the perception of better animal welfare facilitates continued and increased exploitation of animals. Major operative procedures on non rodents are to be conducted only in facilities intended for that purpose and shall be operated and maintained under aseptic conditions. (iii) "That could prevent unintended and unnecessary duplication of research involving animals; and" (Sect. (section 3.8 (d)(2)). (3.8(a)). The management of the facility, at which the marine mammal died, must maintain these necropsy records for a period of 3 years and present them to Department inspectors when requested." Martin was among the founders of the world's first animal welfare organization, the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, or SPCA, in 1824. The applicant is to acknowledge receipt of the regulations and standards and agree to comply with them by signing the application form or the license will not be issued or renewed. The project must also pass an ethical review panel which aims to decide if the potential benefits outweigh any suffering for the animals involved. (The plan must include the requirements in this section: 3.101(b)). The IACUC may reconsider its decision with documentation in the IACUC minutes, in light of the information provided by the principal investigator. This position involves assisting the zoo’s staff Veterinarian in animal health care duties including anesthesia, radiology, emergency medicine, dentistry, surgery, critical care, and preventive medicine. An explanation of the procedures producing pain or distress in the animals and the reasons drugs were not used shall be attached to the report. Animal welfare science is an emerging field that seeks to answer questions raised by the keeping and use of animals, such as whether hens are frustrated when confined in cages,[24] whether the psychological well-being of animals in laboratories can be maintained,[25] and whether zoo animals are stressed by the transport required for international conservation. The completed application, the application fee indicated in section 2.1 (d) and the annual license fee indicated in table 1 or 2 of section 2.6 are to be filed with the APHIS, AC Regional Director. National Farm Animal Care Council: Their objectives are to facilitate collaboration among members with respect to farm animal care issues in Canada, to facilitate information sharing and communication, and to monitor trends and initiatives in both the domestic and international market place.[120]. (1) Each research facility, other than a Federal research facility, shall register with the Secretary by completing and filing a properly executed form, which will be furnished upon request, by the AC Regional Director for the State in which the research facility has its principal place of business, and shall be updated every 3 years by the completion and filing of a new registration form. A necropsy report must be prepared by the veterinarian listing all pathological lesions observed and giving the apparent cause of death. A description of the nature and extent of the research facilities compliance with regulations. The Redlands Animal Shelter is open to the … (c) Space requirements after August 15, 1995: (3) Innovative primary enclosures that do not precisely meet the space requirements but that do provide guinea pigs or hamsters with a sufficient volume of space and the opportunity to express species-typical behavior, may be used at research facilities when approved by the IACUC. (Sect.2.133 (e)). 3.112 (b)). (Sect.2.126 (a)(1)). Such exemption must be documented in the Committee-approved proposal and must be reviewed at appropriate intervals as determined by the Committee, but not less than annually. III. Research in wild animal welfare has two focuses: the welfare of wild animals kept in captivity and the welfare of animals living in the wild. (3) "Water samples shall be taken and tested at least weekly for coliform count and at least daily for pH and any chemical additives (e.g. If program or facility deficiencies are noted, the reports must contain a reasonable and specific plan and schedule with dates for correcting each deficiency. Animals shall be treated with respect and dignity throughout their lives and, when necessary, provided a humane death. The requirements of the Animal Welfare Act(link is external) on are set forth under the Regulations and Standards in the Title 9 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Chapter 1, Subchapter A - Animal Welfare(link is external). (2) For a research facility, the Committee may exempt an individual nonhuman primate from participation in some or all of the otherwise required environment enhancement plans for scientific reasons set forth in the research proposal. (iv) The color and any distinctive markings. (iv) Procedures that may cause more than momentary or slight pain or distress to the animals will: (section 2.31 (d)(1)(iv)). (1) Humane methods of animal maintenance and experimentation, including; (section 2.32 (c)(1)). (f) Primary enclosures used to transport marine mammals .... shall be clearly marked on top and on one or more sides with the words "Live Animal" or "Wild Animal" .... in letters not less than 1 inch in height, and with arrows or other markings, t o indicate the correct upright position of the container. The requirements for the exercise of dogs are as follows: Dealers, exhibitors, and research facilities must develop, document, and follow an appropriate plan to provide dogs with the opportunity for exercise. (c) Carriers and intermediate handlers whose facilities fail to meet the minimum temperature allowed by the standards may accept for transportation or transport, in commerce, any live animal .... if the consignor furnishes to the carrier or intermediate handler a certificate executed by a veterinarian .... on a specific date which shall not be more than 10 days prior to delivery of such animal for transportation in commerce, stating that such live animal is acclimated to air temperatures lower than those prescribed in sections 3.141 and 3.142.