o Decreased resistance to mechanical stress  Late acting alleles are the same genes that produce positive effect early in life 1) Radiation exposure leads to mutations in DNA, and decreases life span. mitotic with a disease = wont be replaced = thinning of skin, tissue damaged/decease of functional can only be controlled through medications.  Freezing cells and thawing them and they still divide the right # times Prerequisite: either BIOL 355 or a minimum grade of 2.5 in either BIOL 200, BIOL 240, B BIO 200, or T BIOL 130. What supports the notion that aging is extrinsic to the cell in vivo? One or multiple causes? January 27th, 2012 .  Helicase affects DNA repair, DNA replication, gene expression, chromosome stability The accumulation of mutations occur in DNA of cells may be irreversible and deleterious to cells since they lead to malfunctions in structure/function of proteins. Occurs during first 1-3 weeks, a period of adjustment for cells in vitro. What 6 processes is cell scaffolding crucial to? o Progerin is the modified LMNA which still has the farnesyl group attached to it; it therefore o Lysosomes – digestive- garbage can of cell No, genes coding for proteins needed for cell division are not on (like Fos) and replication stops. Pricing. Arteries of 9 year old HGPS patients similar to normal 70 year old. Teaching Assistant . They are very insoluble. Plaques of individuals who die of cardiovascular disease have lots of what? Cells taken from HGPS patients show a mutation in LMNA causes what?  Life expectancy reduced to 45-47 years because of early cancer and CVD (high incidence of soft tissue  Increase in LE – due mainly to reduction in infant, maternal, and early childhood mortality the gender gap)  ½ of all babies in developed countries will live to 79 (almost 2/3 of max lifespan) are thought to be spared (AD not observed because no atrophy in brain) Give an example of a gene involved in apoptosis and describe it.  CV system ages much for all the heart issues to occur; arteries of a 9 yo similar to 70 yo o Liver weight - ̄ 35%, o Liver blood flow - ̄ by 80 o Cells die when they are out of homeostasis for too long; homeostasis must act quickly Commercial infant formula contains _______ higher levels of _______ than _______. Proteins produced by genes that are involved directly in the cell cycle, regulating movement from one stage to the next.  Indicates cells have internal biological clock and just one major one in the body? The premise is that aging is part of life span and is genetically coded for in genes. o Issues with skin – loss of fat, wrinkling, alopecia, abnormal collagen/elastin _______ accumulation is higher in short-lived mammals than long-lived. What ages of tissue is this true for? What's wrong with chromosomes having staggered ends?  Study – 1055 centenarians and 1267 middle-aged controls Quiz 1. o Homeostasis involves handling stress by mobilizing energy, activating defense mechanisms, and  2005 – 130 fold increase in death rate from all causes between “aging” ages 25/34-85+ Give an example of an inert metabolic byproduct. How can changes in gene DNA bases affect its protein product? Lectures: PowerPoint presentations online. Give two pieces of evidence for increased in radiation exposure leading to cancer. Prof. Michael Whitlock Office: Biodiversity 216 Office Hours: Mondays 1:30-2:30, or after class E-mail:whitlock@zoology.ubc.ca Your goal should be to have a HbA1c level less than _______. Mid Term Exam. 1) Point mutations (deletion or insertion of bases). JTC 355: MIDTERM. o Technology - crop, water shortage, irrigation, pesticides, medical diagnostic o STRESSORS are what leads us out of homeostasis Altered proteins lead to altered function organelles, leading to aging and cell death. Human Physiology 14th Edition Quiz Bank Solution Manual. What suggests that WRN serves a major function in the cellular events regulating aging and cell transformation to cancer? Fall 2012.  3 major lifestyle factors affecting age – regular exercise, proper nutrition, stress management  Lamin A is made from pre-lamin A which adds a very long CH (farnesyl) group to itself to be able to cross  Rectangularization – people living longer/increased life expectancy 7%, or 150 mg/dL of average glucose in blood. Question : (TCO3) Which of the following blood types is […]  We can only detect individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to longevity; lipid profile); male CO have higher HDL and low LDL; males have heart attacks as their Fall 2012.  Unclear where the transition between aging and pathology occurs 1) Glucose and amino group (mostly lysine and arginine). What other proteins affect cell cycle regulation aside from check point proteins? Twitter: jebyrnes.  Germ theory of infectious disease reformed sewage handling, sanitation, clean water, What is the median age of death of HGPS patients?  Proteins, carbs, lipids, nucleic acids  Post-mitotic – divide during embryogenesis then stop If only that were true for BIOST 310. BIOL 355.  Middle-old – 75-  Factors that affect LE are: o Cells grown in vivo = demonstrate fixed number of time they can divide – hayflick’s limit o >80: majority have >4 diseases; least have no diseases he or she becomes immobile or dependent on the care of others; increased incidence of disease with helicase; there gene product (WRN) is a DNA helicase belonging to the RecQ family (but unique RecQ Spring 2014. 1) Kidney removes and metabolizes AGEs, but they also accumulate there. Biology 355, Spring 2015 Plants and People Textbook: ... Four examinations are scheduled; three will be hourly midterm exams; the final exam will be 1.5 hours, and "hemi-cumulative". To play this quiz, please finish editing it. Werner's Syndrome patients have normal _______ and _______. (4th edition, 2013; $150 - $215.) o aging/post development stage: 30- What factors do we know for sure are limited with age? Biology of Human Aging (GERON 355) (BIOL 355), Overview of aging, definitions, common terms related to aging  There are 3 different types of responses after a severe stressor/injury depending on how well the BIOL 355 Biology of Human Aging. exceed 135 mg/dl. They both run on MWF at 9:30am, so I can only take one of them. Found beneath the skin and most epithelia and serves as a matrix for blood vessels. (nuclear degeneration symptoms and skin symptoms) Found for both embryonic and adult tissue in vitro.  Extrinsic Dipl.-Biol.  Youngest: ovary, ureter, skeletal muscle, lymph nodes EXAM. Progressive – gradual Discontinuous – can arrest and regress Sign up for free today and conquer your course! rectangular) and indicates people are living longer o BA – based on functional capacity What is the most commonly used marker for AGEs? river otter, American mink, American marten, badger, wolverine, fisher, striped skunk, long-tailed weasel, black-footed ferret List 2 ways molecules become cross-linked. Humans can be exposed to two main sources of AGES, what are they? Economic Botany: Plants in Our World. It makes up part of the connective tissue of the body and it represents about 30% of the body's protein. deleterious effects that decline organism; they are selective neutral now; not What do Werner's syndrome do not develo… What does Hutchinson Gilford Syndrome n… Werners syndrome develop.. Atherosclerosis. 3) Cholesterol is necessary for the production of many other compounds in the body but.  Life expectancy = mean life span surface  Comorbidity – more common in women; arthritis, diabetes, anemia, bunions, osteoporosis, cataracts, Intrinsic – modified by external factors Internal or extrinsic (genetic, environment) The course is a very general introduction to cellular biology.  Frailty – state of vulnerability to poor resolution of homeostasis after a stressor event; consequence of but this is narrowed into a ripple to the cells because of homeostasis) candidate), type 2 diabetes (25 candidates) boosting anti-oxidant defence, modulating insulin and growth but women get less life threatening diseases like cataracts o ER – folded tubules forming channel continuous with nuclear membrane No transcription, no replication, no cell cycle. Ogorzaly. List 5 age-related characteristics of Werner Syndrome. The three major domains of life are archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes.  1952 – gastritis, enteritis, colitis Cells appear to have a cellular memory for ~50 doublings in humans in vitro. Provide a statistic example. State the statistic associated with telomerase activity. What happens as a result of Fos down-regulation? o Historical period in which you were born and lived What are sources of exogenous AGE products? BIOL 240 Animal Behavior. This leads to altered structure and function and therefore dysfunction of cells, tissues and organs. 52  WRN loses the exonuclease and Helicase sections due to mutations – renders enzyme non-functional scaffolding made by lamin proteins Fos down-regulation appears to block cells in cell cycle since it's needed to bind to Cyclin, a regulatory protein that allows cells to go from G1 to S phase. What is a possible mechanism for the internal clock that dictates Hayflick's limit? 1) Increased glucose levels that react with hemoglobin.  Drips in mortality rates for CVD in both males and females >85 but not for cancer (because of smoking), Diseases which don’t cause death but comorbidity: sarcomas) – colorectal, skin, thyroid, pancreatic cancer; they cant repair their DNA Forms thin membranes throughout the body. o Decline of functional properties at cellular level  Old age – abrupt and steep downturn; death due to loss of homeostasis – natural death (eugeric death) at  Immune, nervous, endocrine, renal - homeostasis maintained in every system Give evidence that validates programmed aging.  Increase in centenarians: 1996 there was 3100 but in 2006 there was 4600 in CANADA life (cancerous) BI 281 Midterm 2. A tumor necrosis factor is a protein produced by several of the body's cell types like WBC's, RBC's and others that line the blood vessels. The hypothalamus of the brain regulates longevity by controlling the production of hormones by the pituitary gland, which in turn regulates other organs to produce other hormones. It is star-shaped and produces fibers and synthesizes ECM material.  Mortality in males >85 decreased 30.5% between 1950-  Women have higher LE in all races The existence of progerias suggests a genetic link to aging. Single base pair changes in DNA that lead to diseases, such as sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, and hemophilia. young people. Start studying BIOL 355 Midterm 1 Terms. accelerated – some things they don’t experience (AD) and others they undergo at normal rate very poor in a country eg.  THERE IS NO DEFINITE ANSWER TO WHY WE AGE  What are the deteriorative changes that occur during aging? Loss of WRN DNA helicase gives rise to what? Congestive heart failure. Doubling of fetal fibroblasts was closely related to the longevity of each species. Barringer Biology 355: Plant Ecology Instructor: Dr. Brian C. Barringer Email: bbarring@uwsp.edu Phone: 715-346-2452 Office: TNR 476 Office Hours: Thur/Fri 10:00 – 12:00 or by appointment Lecture: Tue/Thur 12:30 – 1:45 in CBB 165 Lab: Thur 2:00 – 4:50 in TNR 461 Required Texts: The Ecology of Plants, 2nd ed., Gurevitch et al. non-diabetic) due to decrease in functional capacity selective pressure to remove it from gene pool 3/4 of Werner's Syndrome cases occurred in Japan where marriages between first cousins was common. Question Biol 113 Fall 2015 Assignment: Midterm-1-2015F 1. o 45-64: majority have no disease and least have >4 diseases BIOL … "Cellular timing," a piece of evidence for finite life span in cultured cells linked directly to cell replication.  Similar condition; conditions of internal stability must be met and cells should be o Activates heat promoting centre in hypothalamus Damaged DNA response pathway. BIOL 750 (CUNY) Alternative Fuels. Mutations of DNA helicases may affect what 4 specific aspects of DNA? What does growing evidence suggest about critically shortened telomeres? _______ are indicators of mutation in DNA of mammal cells. 1) Decreased resistance to oxidative stress (free radicals). List 6 pieces of evidence for Gene Mutation Theory. around 85 Please sign in or register to post comments. What happens when telomerase is inhibited in tumor cells? o Loss of immune function o Species specific – doubling of fetal fibroblasts related to longevity of the species. They both run on MWF at 9:30am, so I can only take one of them. BIOL 155 Midterm. vertebrate), type 2 diabetes, high number of cancers Questions asked by gerontologists o Elderly less capable of withstanding stress compared to young Search Study Guides. What happens when blood glucose levels rise above normal?  More individuals lost due to chronic disease and biological aging Biology 355, Spring 2015 Plants and People Textbook: (The textbook is recommended but not required; most recent edition is very expensive!!) Study Biology 115 Midterm Flashcards at ProProfs - Chapters one through seven and weekly lectures This class was the first biology class I took as a student accepted into the biology major and it did not disappoint. Hayflick's Limit is the number of times cells IN CULTURE/IN VITRO can replicate before they stop dividing and die. BIOL 2051 Lab Midterm Study Guide.  Why do some people live to 100 but others die young? The structure that forms at the ends of young somatic cell telomeres, held open by duplex DNA binding proteins and End-specific telomeric proteins. The genetic sequence for Werner's gene closely resembles a sequence of genes that code for _______ in normal cells. It is a _______ from the ______ family, but is unique because it has ______ activity. o increase in ADLs – bad Course materials and webpage for biol355.  Cells,  Late acting alleles – germ cell alleles; when we no longer reproduce, mutations  3 rd world countries – 40; AIDS, natural disasters, wealth (access to medicine, water,  Glycoproteins – signals what type of cell that are on and who they belong to stability that causes fork stalling, contribution of these cells to tissues = leads to loss of functional capacity; cells that are continuously Universities » George Mason University (GMU) » BIOL - Biology » Study Materials. Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism 6th Edition Quiz …  Primary – linear sequence of AAs; dictates how the protein will fold and bend; most important Apo-1 gene, codes for a protein receptor that ends up on the cell surface. Cram.com makes it easy to get the grade you want! o Fibrosis The age of the donor from which the cells came from. What is the genomic hallmark of WS cells?  Population is accident free, disease free, and violence free (but you will always have some infant mortality Events that interfere with replication fork stability in chromosomes result in what? Immune systems and neurological function. DISPOSABLE 2. This occurs frequently.  bone mass/density/strength increased Cells from WS patients show a reduced lifespan and spend a long time in the S phase of the cell cycle and are experiencing fork stalling. 0. in cytoplasm; site where AAs are assembled into proteins What happens when you freeze cells at different population doublings?  Genomic stability – DNA becomes damaged/broken (or a chromosome becomes damaged) and in an Provides support and elasticity. 3rd Ed. Cardiovascular system. What is the most abundant tissue by weight?  Very old age – flat short tail for biologically elite (>100), Gradual transition from the loss of function and homeostasis due to aging into age-related pathologies Karsten Lutz, Bebelallee 55d , 22297 Hamburg, Tel. What are the 3 functions of connective tissue?  Time is irrelevant as it varies from cell to cell somatic maintenance (not necessarily a “gene for aging”).  2010- apolipoprotein (ApoE4) – risk factor for Alzheimers bit AD is late onset so no 1) Collagen molecules in bone have exceptionally long lifetime making them very susceptible to AGE modification. eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and animals.  new functions gained  Inclusions – glycogen, fats, pigment (melanin) Play.  Phase 3: cell strains only enter this stage; growth declines as intracellular changes occur; irreversible  perfection of acquired functions Progerin has been found in skin biopsies of older donors, but young donors had no evidence of progerin (in vivo). She will show you how to solve every question with confidence. A tiny, point mutation in a single gene known as Lamin A (LMNA) which produces the Lamin A protein.