dirus, respectively. In the present work, essential oil 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal (citral) is hydrodistilled from lemon grass in the laboratory, 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal acetals . Specifically, it seeks to answer to the following questions: 1. Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of leaf and twig extracts of stout camphor tree, Cinnamomum kanehirae, and the effects on immunity and disease resistance of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. 3 0 obj 2008;103:52934. Among 500 species of Anopheles mosquitoes known globally, more than 50 species can transmit malaria from the bite of the infected female Anopheles spp. Solomon B, Gebre-Mariam T, Asres K. Mosquito repellent actions of the essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon nardus and Eucalyptus citriodora: evaluation and formulation studies. Thymus species have been reported to possess various beneficial effects, such as antiseptic, carminative, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties [70]. minimus for 2h. Moreover, 20% gel of clove protected against An. While alternative uses such as excite-repellency and spatial activity have also been examined [87]. will be tried and tested. 3 affordable? However, when focusing on Anopheles subspecies, there were only a few publications indicating the efficacy of each plant, which resulted in a difficulty to reach a robust conclusion regarding the best herbal candidates to develop new commercial repellents. Seyoum A, Plsson K, Kunga S, Kabiru E, Lwande W, Killeen G, et al. No mess. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. Kwon Y, Kim SH, Ronderos DS, Lee Y, Akitake B, Woodward OM, et al. lemongrass is extracted by steam distillation which is simply by pouring boiling Lemongrass can be used in various ways to repel insects such as: Make a spray with 1 cup water and 2 tablespoons of lemon juice then add 10 drops of pure lemon essential oil (optional) and shake well before spraying on skin or clothing, Add several drops of pure essential oil into the water when washing clothes etc. Ansari M, Mittal P, Razdan R, Sreehari U. Larvicidal and mosquito repellent activities of pine (Pinus longifolia, Family: Pinaceae) oil. Yeh R-Y, Shiu Y-L, Shei S-C, Cheng S-C, Huang S-Y, Lin J-C, et al. statement and Maheswaran R, Ignacimuthu S. Bioefficacy of essential oil from Polygonum hydropiper L. against mosquitoes, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. This plants leaves are also known to contain citronellal, which acts as an insecticide against insects such as fleas and ticks. All concentrations of turmeric, with a doseresponse manner, provided complete repellency ranging from 4 to 8h, depending on the concentration applied. It has been identified that chemical repellents are not safe for public health and should be used with caution because of their detrimental impacts on synthetic fabric and plastic as well as toxic reactions, such as allergy, dermatitis, and cardiovascular and neurological side effects, which have been reported generally after misapplication [4]. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. All titles and abstracts were screened by two independent investigators for eligibility. Malar J. Article Lemongrass can be used as a pest control method for your garden or backyard. Morehead JA. Citronella. Lemon grass contains citral, which is an essential oil, having medicinal and other useful significance. Kamaraj C, Rahuman AA, Bagavan A, Elango G, Zahir AA, Santhoshkumar T. Larvicidal and repellent activity of medicinal plant extracts from Eastern Ghats of South India against malaria and filariasis vectors. insect repellent spray which can be poisonous, lemongrass is organic and safe as it was Lara M, Gutierrez J, Timon M, Andrs A. Canadian Vet J. Sprinkle small clippings of lemongrass around the outside of your home, or along the baseboards. Lemongrass has insecticidal properties and the extracted oil is used as Php 40 it is highly affordable than the other chemical insect repellent that can of lemongrass oil. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. Article Plant-based repellents have been applied for generations in traditional practice as a personal protection approach against different species of Anopheles. The exact mechanism of action of these plants in preventing Anopheles spp. Amer A, Mehlhorn H. Repellency effect of forty-one essential oils against Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex mosquitoes. Amerasan D, Murugan K, Kovendan K, Kumar PM, Panneerselvam C, Subramaniam J, et al. stephensi for 4.36h. Basilisan annual plant of the Ocimum genus, which belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is used in traditional medicine in many parts of the world [74]. Lemongrass does not have Some data proposes that these agents interfere with olfactory receptors of mosquitoes [82]. Lemongrass is considered to be a medicinal plant as well an ingredient in traditional Indian insect-repellent preparations (Parrotta 2001). Some caution is important when interpreting the findings. Insect repellents may have different characteristics but serve the same purpose In the study by Murugan et al. [41] used turmeric essential oil at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% concentrations against An. The highest repellency effect was identified from Ligusticum sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, Dalbergia sissoo, peppermint and Rhizophora mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Furthermore, essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and Curcuma longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles. subpictus for 1, 1, and 1.5h, respectively. general) from landing or climbing on that surface. Throw a tin in your backpack, or keep it handy when camping. The search was limited to English publications. registered in the list of EPA-GRAS. However, it is highly recommended that the future researchers should perform the [6], has a percentage repellency of 79.7 against Anopheles arabiensis. POWERED BY NATURE, AS POWERFUL AS DEET. 2009;27:2632. Plant oils may serve as suitable alternatives to synthetic repellents in the future as they are relatively safe, inexpensive, and are readily available in many parts of the world. Google Scholar. Parasitol Res. alcohol (Aegis Pest Services, LTC., 2018). Asian Pac J Trop Med. dirus for 6h. In contrast, in the study by Seyoum et al. In: Foundation Ciba, editor. repellent. Parasitol Res. The 20% oil solution of catnip in the study carried out by Amer et al. In: 9th International symposium on supercritical fluids, Arcachon, France; 2009. J Saudi Soc Agric Sci. Advances in vector mosquito control technologies, with particular reference to herbal products. The repellency effect of citronella was investigated in several studies. (PDF) The effect of lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus) extract as For the Parents/Guardians that this will serve as a guide for taking care of their children J Essent Oil Bearing Plants. borne diseases. Scope and Delimitation This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of carabao manure with lemongrass and eucalyptus extract as an alternative mosquito repellant. Almehmadi RM. Extracting the lemongrass oil will be done through Steam Distillation No fuss. Outcomes measures were percentage repellency and protection time. Tavassoli et al. 2013;11:374411. (Family: Caesalpinaceae) against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti, and Anopheles stephensi. boiling temperature of water. Saudi J Biol Sci. Durrani F, Ismail M, Sultan A, Suhail S, Chand N, Durrani Z. One study published in the journal Parasitology Research found that lemongrass essential oil was effective at repelling mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Cookies policy. Lemon grass In addition, a manual search was conducted to identify further pertinent articles using references from retrieved studies. stream All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article. 25 mosquito landing attempts. albimanus and found that all concentrations of clove provided complete repellency ranging from 1.25 to 3.55h, depending on the concentration applied. 2011;5:1022. The included studies were published between 1999 and 2018. 2016;23:2322838. 2001;49:51721. It contains limonene as an insect repellent. PubMed 2009;9:26458. [62] also supported that myrtle at 50% concentration repels An. A must have for weekend trips, camping, and travel. Lemongrass is a natural pesticide. 2015;14:12833. CAS Finally, current studies are difficult to be compared and the repellency effectiveness may also differ among subspecies. Google Scholar. <> Prabhu K, Murugan K, Nareshkumar A, Ramasubramanian N, Bragadeeswaran S. Larvicidal and repellent potential of Moringa oleifera against malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae). Fabbri A, Hormaza J, Polito V. Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars. Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Amin Asadollahi,Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani&Sahar Azarmi, Health Research Centre, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Medical Sciences Research Centre, Ghalib University, Kabul, Afghanistan, You can also search for this author in INNOVATIVE BOTANICAL FORMULA Our spray consists of essential oils carried in purified water and plant-based preservatives. Insect Repellents Oils, Volatile . 2011;1:S1138. 2012;44:7989. Asian Pac J Trop Med. The 20% oil solution of rosemary in the study conducted by Amer et al. Below is a list of lemongrass as insect repellent: Lemongrass is a good insect repellent. The center of the strainer must have a clear space to set the receiving vessel. [22], C. zeylanicum at 1mg/cm2 showed 1h protection against An. Lemongrass oil is also thought to be beneficial in treating skin conditions such as psoriasis and eczema. Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions Grade 12 - Module, Philippine Pop Culture - Doreen G. 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Lemongrass As Insect Repellent - Pest Phobia Videos for related products. All products are 100% handmade in the USA from organic locally sourced ingredients, and were completely cruelty-free. 2012;4:257. financial benefit, it is said that some bottle of lemongrass insect repellent costs The oil of the Lemongrass is an herb that is commonly used in cooking, but it also has some very interesting benefits for your garden. volume18, Articlenumber:436 (2019) studies show the factors of lemongrass to make an alternative insect repellent. ), Anopheles minimus (Theobald) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say based on protection time and biting rate. applied to skin. Kumar KP, Murugan K, Kovendan K, Kumar AN, Hwang J-S, Barnard DR. recommend the following: For the Future Researchers who would like to conduct the experiment that in Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. Auysawasdi N, Chuntranuluck S, Phasomkusolsil S, Keeratinijakal V. Improving the effectiveness of three essential oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn.) 2014 ). As cost is a significant factor, examination of the use of local florae as repellents is highly suggested. Rosemary isan evergreen aromatic shrub with a Mediterranean origin, which belongs to Lamiaceae (Labiatae) family [77]. The Effectiveness of Lemon Grass and Garlic as - Course Hero conducting experiments on humans hand and insects, specifically, mosquitoes and Google Scholar. Ditzen M, Pellegrino M, Vosshall LB. SAFE FOR YOUR KIDS Our spray is DEET-free, as recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Thus, plants with potential repellency properties should be tested for their possible unpleasant side effects before introducing as alternative products. The 20% oil solution of T. minuta in the study conducted by Amer et al. This herb is spread from central Europe to central Asia and the Iranian plateaus [68]. Barnard et al. After identifying the eligible studies, the following data were collected from each study by application of standardized data collection form to improve accuracy and critical appraisal: the first author name, country of origin, journal details, publication year, condition of study (field or laboratory), plant name, Anopheles species, concentration or dose of repellents, repellency percentage and complete protection time. thehealthvermont, natural insect repellents are safer than DEET components of a bottle. Plant-based repellents have been used for generations in traditional practice as a personal protection measure against host-seeking mosquitoes. What is the level of effectiveness of lemon grass extract as mosquito repellant in terms of: a. [42], clove at 0.02, 0.10 and 0.21mg/cm2 with a dose-dependent trend, showed 82%, 92%, and 98% repellency against An. CAS The following factors are discussed further with its relation to the Trace element contents and essential oil yields from wild thyme plant (Thymus serpyllum L.) grown at different natural variable environments, Jordan. The 20% oil solution of thymein the study conducted by Amer et al. Lemongrass. It doesnt contain any chemical substances that may irritate a Aquaculture. In making the lemongrass insect repellent mixture, the following are the Google Scholar. De Paula JP, Gomes-Carneiro MR, Paumgartten FJ. Murugan K, Kumar PM, Kovendan K, Amerasan D, Subrmaniam J, Hwang J-S. Larvicidal, pupicidal, repellent and adulticidal activity of Citrus sinensis orange peel extract against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). First, a poorly inspected confounding aspect is the effect of sweating on the effectiveness and protection time of repellents, which are approximately all water-soluble, and this might limits the comparability of repellents. Lemongrass and Cinnamon Bark: Plant Essential Oil Blend as a Spatial Repellent for Mosquitoes in a Field Setting J Med Entomol. In recent years, interest in plant-based repellents has been revived, as they contain a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals that are safe and biodegradable into non-toxic by-products, which could be screened for insecticidal activities and mosquito repellent. The use of repellents to protect people from bites of mosquitoes previously has been acknowledged as part of an overall integrated insect-borne disease control programme [6]. As observed, 25 mosquitoes attempted to land for 25 times while 24 ants Myrtleisamemberof theMyrtaceae familywhich is botanically linked to eucalyptus [73]. Govindarajan M, Rajeswary M, Arivoli S, Tennyson S, Benelli G. Larvicidal and repellent potential of Zingiber nimmonii (J. Graham) Dalzell (Zingiberaceae) essential oil: an eco-friendly tool against malaria, dengue, and lymphatic filariasis mosquito vectors? For other plants, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Nour AH, Elhussein SA, Osman NA, Nour AH. The studies in the last two decades have focused on the search for new natural repellents and some plants displayed good repellent activities, but few natural products have been developed so far [88, 89]. Sanghong R, Junkum A, Chaithong U, Jitpakdi A, Riyong D, Tuetun B, et al. Effectiveness of plant-based repellents against different, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8, https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/71810, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. Many people are naturally worried about the safety of their pets when using an insect repellents device. <> FULL SIZE FOR BEST VALUE: Our 8oz tin of No-Bite-Me cream is amazing for the seasoned traveler. VITJS4 crude extract against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). lemongrass as an insect repellent and to raise awareness on how to prevent insect- Nevertheless, another study [58] reported that the complete protection time of thyme at its maximum concentration (100%) is 1.7h against Anopheles albimanus. A literature review. 25/25 Repel. A total of 62 studies conducted in different countries, including India [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40], Thailand [4, 5, 41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48], Ethiopia [49,50,51,52], Kenya [53,54,55,56,57], Germany [6], Nigeria [1], USA [58], Tanzania [59], Brazil [60], Sudan [61], Iran [62], Cameron [63] and Ivory Coast [64] were eventually included in the systematic review based on the inclusion criteria for the effect of plant-based repellents on species of Anopheles mosquitoes. stephensi for 8h, while Eucalyptus globulus complete protection time was reported to be 5.5h. Auysawasdi et al. 1997;123:37986. Asian Pac J Trop Med. Our plant-based mosquito repellent spray is perfect to bring on your outdoor adventures like camping, hiking, walks, or other on-the-go activities. Annu Rev Entomol. The product was 100% safe to use as it didnt cause allergies or itchiness Steam Additionally, pest control experts can help in finding and treating the source of the insect infestation, as well as any insect-related problems. Anopheles stephensi Liston. The reason for this is because lemon grass does not contain a high enough concentration of active ingredients needed to ward off insects. alternative insect repellent can lessen health worries of people since natural insect Responses of antennal olfactory receptors in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti to human body odours. Singh S, Raghavendra K, Dash A. [41] used E. globulus essential oil at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% concentrations against An. Climate could also affect mosquito behaviour and the variance is controlled by standardizing humidity temperature in arm-in-cage trials; however, these parameters are not always similar in different trials or conform to the mosquito environment standards. of geranial and neral and small amounts of geranoil and citronellal which are One study from 2011 using multiple species of mosquito found that up to 95% of mosquitos from one species were repelled due to the oil's strong odor over a 2.5 hour period (2). Chapter very high boiling points which separates organic compounds from plant parts. Effectiveness of citronella preparations in preventing mosquito bites Younoussa L, Nukenine EN, Danga SPY, Esimone CO. Repellent activity of the creams formulated from Annona senegalensis and Boswellia dalzielii leaf fractions and essential oils against Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae). In 6 studies, repellency effectiveness of basil against different Anopheles species was investigated. 2014;28:2536. However, for safe use, you must dilute lemongrass oil with water or even The frequent use of synthetic repellents with chemical origin for mosquito control has disturbed natural ecosystems and resulted in the development of resistance to insecticides, resurgence in mosquito populations, and adverse impact on non-target organisms [4, 7]. Krishnappa K, Elumalai K, Dhanasekaran S, Gokulakrishnan J. Larvicidal and repellent properties of Adansonia digitata against medically important human malarial vector mosquito Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). This paper . attempted to bite 24 times It was proven that it can 100% repel mosquitoes, specifically, Orangeisa plant member of the Citrus genus and mostly cultivated in subtropical areas [79]. Repellent activities of the essential oils of four Sudanese accessions of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) against Anopheles mosquito. In the Philippines, its Parasitol Res. Using Lemongrass as an dirus. dirus. F. (Family: Malvaceae) against three important vector mosquitoes. % The repellency effect of Neem against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 2 studies. culicifacies and Anopheles subpictus for 11, 9.6 and 7.3h, respectively and the corresponding percentage repellency were 100%, 92.3% and 83.1%. 2011;15:10109. 2010;106:121723. Madhiyazhagan P, Murugan K, Kumar AN, Nataraj T. Extraction of mosquitocidals from Ocimum canum leaves for the control of dengue and malarial vectors. Ethnobotanical study of some of mosquito repellent plants in north-eastern Tanzania. <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.02 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>>